Storing data with Drupal 8

Drupal 8 offers a wide selection of data storage APIs depending on the answers to the following questions:

1. Will we need to deploy this data?
2. Is this a single blob of data, never meant to be queried (various key-value stores) or does this data have a described structure (configuration and entities) ?
3. If it has a described structure, is there only one one instance fitting that structure (configuration object) or are there several (entities, both configuration and content)? 
4. If there are several, do they have meaningful identifiers (configuration entities) or is it just one after the another ad infinitum (content entities)?
5. Is it meant to be translatable? (Teaser trailer: almost everything in Drupal 8 is translatable!)

This presentation will walk through all the data storage APIs in Drupal 8 from the simplest to the most complex comparing them to Drupal 7 where possible.